Developing life skills as an autistic adult

For many autistic individuals, developing life skills can play a crucial role in boosting independence and self-confidence. 

These skills, which range from managing personal hygiene and handling money to navigating public transport, are important for daily life. While not everyone may reach the same level of ability, exploring a variety of life skills and finding effective ways to support each individual's learning process is essential. With the right support and tailored teaching methods, autistic individuals can work towards and learn these skills and enjoy a more independent and fulfilling life.

What are life skills?

Life skills are the abilities that help us manage the daily demands and challenges of life. This includes everything from basic self-care and household chores to managing finances and interpersonal interactions. For autistic individuals, these skills are often learned progressively and tailored to fit their personal needs.

Every autistic individual is unique, and so too is their learning process. Some might learn certain skills quickly and move towards independence, while others might need ongoing support. Teaching life skills in practical settings makes learning much more relevant and effective. For example, cooking lessons are best in the kitchen, money skills are easiest to learn while shopping and travel training is most effective when it's done on actual public transport systems.

Visual aids like charts, checklists, and step-by-step guides can make a big difference. They help break down tasks into smaller, more manageable steps and can be a great way to make daily routines more understandable.

Managing money

Financial independence is a significant milestone for anyone, including autistic individuals. Developing good financial habits and understanding how to manage money effectively can provide a strong foundation for independence. Here are some strategies to help develop these essential skills:

By implementing these strategies, autistic individuals can learn to manage their finances effectively and gain the confidence and independence that comes with financial literacy. These skills are crucial not just for financial health but also for overall personal wellbeing and autonomy.

Getting around: transport tips

Navigating public transport can be a significant challenge for autistic individuals. From sensory sensitivities to the unpredictability of schedules, there are several hurdles to overcome. Here are some practical strategies that can make public transport more accessible and less stressful.

Preparation is key

Discussing what to expect and preparing for different places and environments with tools like the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower lanyard can help make public transport more manageable. Also, choosing to travel during off-peak hours can dramatically decrease stress levels by avoiding crowded conditions. If travelling during rush hour is unavoidable, having a strategy in place for waiting for a less crowded bus or train is beneficial.

Use visual aids

Visual aids can be incredibly helpful in managing public transport. Creating a script or sketch outlining each journey step can be empowering and reassuring. This might include:

• Detailed visuals showing how to navigate a bus stop/terminal or train station.
• Scripts explaining how to check timetables, purchase tickets or use travel cards, and find platforms.
• Strategies for coping with unexpected situations like a missed bus or a delayed train.
• Visual cues on interacting socially, such as offering a seat to someone in need.
• Trial these visual aids with the help of a carer or support worker to work towards greater independence.

These aids can also include instructions for planning alternative routes, which can be crucial if the usual route is disrupted.

Reduce sensory overload

• Block out noise: Noise-cancelling headphones can be a game-changer by reducing background noise and allowing the individual to listen to soothing music. They also subtly signal to others that the wearer might prefer not to engage in conversation.
• Carry a familiar object: Bringing along a familiar object, fidget toy or a favourite book can help manage stress and sensory overload. This object can serve as a distraction during overwhelming moments.

Choose strategic seating

Sitting near an exit may make the journey more comfortable, providing an easy way to step out quickly if needed. However, flexibility is key, and preparing for the possibility that the preferred seat might not be available is important. Visual supports or scripts can help you choose an alternative seat without stress.

Practise and prepare

• Plan multiple routes: Having options for different routes can alleviate anxiety, especially when the usual route is not possible. Always have a backup plan for unexpected changes, such as different drivers or unexpected roadblocks.
• Practise the journey: Familiarity can significantly reduce anxiety. Practising the trip multiple times, ideally with support, can help build confidence. Learn the locations of exits, restrooms, and help points.

These strategies can help make public transport easier and less stressful for autistic individuals, leading to more independence and confidence when travelling.

Driving

Choosing if and when to start driving is a big decision. It involves considering the individual's interest, their need for transport based on where they live, and their overall ability and readiness. For driving, like any other skill, breaking down the process into small, manageable steps can greatly improve an autistic individual's ability to learn and retain information safely and effectively. 

There may be some additional considerations to ensure safety and support. Here are some key points to consider:

• Medical assessment: Autistic individuals may need to undergo a medical assessment to determine their fitness to drive. This assessment is typically conducted by a general practitioner (GP) or a specialist who can evaluate the individual’s ability to drive safely.
• Disclosure: While disclosing an autism diagnosis may not be compulsory, most states and territories require individuals to report any health condition that may impact their ability to drive.
• Driving lessons and tests: Professional driving lessons can be beneficial. An instructor who has experience with autistic learners can make the learning process less stressful and more successful. They can tailor lessons to the learner's specific needs and pace. After completing the required supervised hours, the individual must pass the practical driving test. The test assesses their ability to drive safely and follow road rules. 
• Support and accommodations: Some individuals may benefit from additional support or accommodations during their learning and testing process. This could include extended practice time, visual aids, or a driving instructor with experience in supporting autistic learners.
  

It’s essential to check with the specific licensing authority in the relevant state or territory for detailed requirements and processes, as this can vary across Australia.

It’s also perfectly okay not to pursue a driver’s licence. Mastering other forms of transportation or using support workers can still help you get around effectively.

Cleaning skills

Cleaning is an essential life skill that promotes independence and a comfortable living environment. Here are some strategies for teaching cleaning tasks to autistic individuals:

• Use visual aids: To effectively teach cleaning skills, consider using step-by-step checklists that break down tasks into simple steps, such as cleaning a sink or mopping a floor. Picture guides with visual aids showing each step of the process can be placed in relevant areas to assist with understanding. Additionally, providing short video tutorials that demonstrate each task and can be paused and replayed will help reinforce learning.‍
• Simplify tasks: To make cleaning tasks more manageable, break down larger tasks into smaller, manageable parts. Use colour-coding to distinguish cleaning supplies for different tasks, such as blue for the bathroom and yellow for the kitchen. Establishing a consistent cleaning routine will help make tasks predictable and easier to follow.‍
• Sensory considerations: To minimise sensory overload, use fragrance-free or lightly scented products and quieter tools. Ensure that cleaning tools are comfortable and easy to use. Incorporate preferences by using gloves or other preferred items to manage sensory sensitivities.‍
• Positive reinforcement: Provide immediate praise by giving positive feedback right after a task is completed. Implement a reward system for completing tasks, such as small treats or extra playtime. Recognise and celebrate successes to build confidence.‍
• Hands-on practice: Model the tasks by demonstrating each task before the individual tries it. Begin with supervised practice and gradually reduce supervision over time. Practice tasks in the actual environment where they will be performed to ensure real-life application.‍
• Clear instructions and expectations: Use clear, simple language for instructions. Outline what needs to be done and the expected outcome with clear goals. Keep instructions consistent each time to avoid confusion.

By using these strategies, teaching cleaning skills can become a manageable process, helping autistic individuals gain confidence and independence in maintaining their living spaces.

Shopping

Shopping is an important life skill that involves planning, decision-making, and money management. For autistic individuals, learning to shop independently can boost confidence and greater independence. Here are some tips and strategies to help teach shopping skills:

• Planning and preparation: Creating a clear, visual shopping list that includes pictures and names of the items needed helps organise the shopping trip and ensures nothing is forgotten. Additionally, teaching how to set a budget for the shopping trip is important. Visual aids can show how much each item costs and help stay within the budget.
• In the store: It's essential to practice navigating the store. Familiarity with the layout and knowing where to find items can reduce anxiety. It's also important to teach basic social interactions such as greeting store employees, asking for help, and waiting in line. Handling money - using cash or a debit card should be practised. This includes counting money, using a card reader, and understanding receipts.
• Managing sensory sensitivities: Shopping during less busy hours can help avoid overwhelming crowds and noise. Using sensory tools like noise-cancelling headphones or fidget toys can effectively manage sensory sensitivities. Some major grocery stores have introduced Quiet Hours to support customers with sensory needs. During these times, usually held once a week, radios are turned down, lights are lowered, and oven buzzers are off, creating a calmer shopping environment. This makes shopping more accessible and comfortable for those with sensory sensitivities. See more at Coles and Woolworths.
• Practising independence: Role-playing different shopping scenarios at home can build confidence. This can include handling unexpected situations like finding a substitute item if something is out of stock. Start with supervised shopping trips with a carer or support worker, gradually increasing independence as confidence and skills improve.
• Positive reinforcement: Providing positive feedback and celebrating successful shopping trips can build confidence. Implementing a reward system for completing shopping tasks, like a favourite treat or activity after a successful trip, can also be motivating.

By incorporating these strategies, autistic individuals can develop essential shopping skills, making them more independent and confident in handling everyday tasks.